To help you cite correctly, consider these citation examples of most common types of works you might use as sources in a history paper. Both note and bibliographic versions are included for each type of material—note the differences!
Books
Note (first reference):
Wayne Flynt, Poor But Proud: Alabama’s Poor Whites (Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989), 17-18.
Bibliography:
Flynt, Wayne. Poor But Proud: Alabama’s Poor Whites. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1989.
Articles
Note (first reference):
Melvin G. Herndon, “Naval Stores in Colonial Georgia,” Georgia Historical Quarterly 52, no. 4 (December 1968): 426-28.
FYI: if the article appears in print anywhere, you do not need to supply a URL or DOI, even if you read the article online. It is still a print source, not an electronic one.
Bibliography:
Herndon, Melvin G. “Naval Stores in Colonial Georgia.” Georgia Historical Quarterly 52, no. 4 (December 1968): 426-33.
FYI: For the bibliography, you must give the page-range of the full article.
Multivolume Works
Note (first reference):
Stephen Hawkings, Reader’s Companion, 4 vols. (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983), 1:324.
Bibliography:
Hawking, Stephen. Reader’s Companion. 4 vols. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1983.
Document or Essay in an Edited Collection or Anthology
Note (first reference):
Steven Hahn, “Common Right and the Commonwealth: The Stock-Law Struggle and the Roots of Southern Populism,” in Region, Race, and Reconstruction, ed. J. Morgan Kousser and James M. McPherson (New York: Oxford University Press, 1982), 54.
FYI: ed. is used rather than eds. as it stands for “edited by” in this situation.
Bibliography:
Hahn, Steven. “Common Right and the Commonwealth: The Stock-Law Struggle and the Roots of Southern Populism.” In Region, Race, and Reconstruction, edited by J. Morgan Kousser and James M. McPherson, 51-88. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982.
Article in a Major Reference Work
Note (first reference):
Luciano Chiappini, “Este, House of,” Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.
Bibliography:
Chiappini, Luciano. “Este, House of.” Encyclopedia Britannica: Macropaedia. 1974 ed.
FYI: If you’re using a specialist reference work, add publication information.
Internet Sources
With an Author—Note (first reference):
Peter Tudebode, “The Battle for Antioch in the First Crusade (1097-98),” De Re Militari, accessed July 24, 2016, http://deremilitari.org/2013/11/the-battle-for-antioch-in-the-first-crusade-1097-98-according-to-peter-tudebode/.
With an Author—Bibliography:
Tudebode, Peter. “The Battle for Antioch in the First Crusade (1097-98).” De Re Militari. Last accessed July 24, 2016. http://deremilitari.org/2013/11/the-battle-for-antioch-in-the-first-crusade-1097-98-according-to-peter-tudebode/.
No Given Author— Note (first reference):
“About Zika: Overview,” Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, accessed July 27, 2016, https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html.
No Given Author—Bibliography:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. “About Zika: Overview.” Last accessed July 27, 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/overview.html.
Newspaper Articles
With an Author—Note (first reference):
Ceylan Yeginsu, “Turkey’s President Accuses Advocates of Birth Control of Being Traitors,” New York Times, Dec. 22, 2014.
With an Author—Bibliography:
Yeginsu, Ceylan. “Turkey’s President Accuses Advocates of Birth Control of Being Traitors.” New York Times. Dec. 22, 2014.
No Given Author—Note (first reference):
“Not Constantinople Any More,” The Cleveland Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH), Dec. 15, 1929.
No Given Author—Bibliography:
The Cleveland Plain Dealer (Cleveland, OH). “Not Constantinople Any More.” Dec. 15, 1929.
Movies
With films, the Chicago Manual of Style urges you to include as much information as possible to identify the writers, recording, and medium to which you are referring.
Note (first reference):
Arif Aliyev and Sergei Bodrov, Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan, directed by Sergei Bodrov (2007; Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2008), DVD.
Bibliography:
Aliyev, Arif and Sergei Bodrov. Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan. Directed by Sergei Bodrov. 2007. Burbank, CA: Warner Home Video, 2008. DVD.
Archival Sources
Note (first reference):
Itemized bill, June 1, 1945, Morse Museum Collection, Folder 5, Archives and Special Collections, Olin Library, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida.
Bibliography:
Morse Museum Collection. Archives and Special Collections, Olin Library, Rollins College, Winter Park, Florida.
Multiple Authors
Note (first reference):
Alexander P. Kazhdan and Ann Wharton Epstein, Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985), 120-32.
Bibliography:
Kazhdan, Alexander P. and Ann Wharton Epstein. Change in Byzantine Culture in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.
Same Author of Multiple Works Cited
Cite as usual in your footnote.
Bibliography:
Otto, John Solomon. “Florida’s Cattle Ranching Frontier.” Florida Historical Quarterly 63:1 (1984): 71-83.
__________. “Florida’s Cattle Ranching Frontier: Manatee & Brevard Counties.” Florida Historical Quarterly 64:1 (1985): 48-61.
__________. “Hillsborough County (1850): A Community in the South Florida Flatwoods.” Florida Historical Quarterly 62:2 (1983): 180-93.
FYI: make sure the number of underlines you use is consistent throughout the bibliography—ten is good.
Unknown or Anonymous Author
Note (first reference):
Beowulf: A New Verse Translation, trans. Seamus Heaney (New York: W. W. Norton, 2000), 55.
Bibliography:
Beowulf: A New Verse Translation. Translated by Seamus Heaney. New York: W. W. Norton, 2000.
Material Quoted within Another Source
Occasionally you will find in a work by Pat Smith a quotation by Jay Jones whose words or ideas you wish to use. When you cannot locate the original, you can handle that situation as follows:
Note (first reference):
Jay Jones as quoted in Pat Smith, The Life of Jones (New York: Hill & Wang, 2000), 23.
Bibliography:
Smith, Pat. The Life of Jones. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000.
